Macroscopic Examination
 

This type of examination looks at materials at a larger, visible scale-things that can be seen with the naked eye or with low-magnification tools.
 

• Purpose: To study the general characteristics of a material or component, such as overall shape, dimensions, and visible defects.

 

Microscopic Examination
 

This involves analysing materials at a very fine, small scale (microscopic level), allowing for the observation of details that are not visible to the naked eye.
 

Purpose: To study fine details such as grain structure, defects, phases, inclusions, cracks, and surface finish that are not visible without magnification.